Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
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"Jakarta Airport" redirects here. For Jakarta-Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, see Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.
| Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta |
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| Soekarno Hatta Airport Terminal 3 | |||
| IATA: CGK – ICAO: WIII | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Owner | Government of Indonesia | ||
| Operator | PT Angkasa Pura II | ||
| Serves | Jabodetabek | ||
| Location | Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia | ||
| Opened | 1985 | ||
| Hub for | |||
| Focus city for | Citilink | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 32 ft / 10 m | ||
| Coordinates | 06°07′32″S 106°39′21″ECoordinates: 06°07′32″S 106°39′21″E | ||
| Website | |||
| Map | |||
CGK/WIII
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| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 07R/25L | 11,500 | 3,600 | Paved |
| 07L/25R | 11,545 | 3,600 | Paved |
| Statistics (2012) | |||
| Passengers | 57,772,762 | ||
| Aircraft Movements | 369,740 | ||
| Cargo (metric tonnes) | 342,473 | ||
| Economic & Social impact | $5.1 billion & 705 thousand[1] | ||
| Source: Passenger and Aircraft Movements from ACI[2] Cargo from Angkara Pura II Airports Company[3] |
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Although it primarily serves Jakarta, it is located about 20 km west of the capital city, in Tangerang in the neighboring province of Banten. Soekarno–Hatta Airport began operations in 1985, replacing the former Kemayoran Airport (domestic flights) in Central Jakarta, and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in East Jakarta.[5] Kemayoran Airport has since been transformed into public areas. Halim Perdanakusuma is still operating, serving mostly domestic, hajj flight, VVIP, charters and military flights. Terminal 2 opened in 1991 and Terminal 3 opened in 2009, but in 2010 total passengers reached 43.7 million, surpassing the 38-million passenger capacity of all 3 terminals.[6] In 2012, the airport was the 9th busiest airport in the world with 57.8 million passengers, a 12.1% increase over 2011.[2] It is also the busiest airport in the Southern Hemisphere.
Although the airport is running over capacity, on May 4, 2012 after verification from April 23 to May 3, the Airport Council International (ACI) stated that Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is clearly being operated safely . All safety flying procedures are running well.[7] To overcome the overcapacity, on August 2, 2012 the ground breaking was done at terminal 3 to turn into an Aerotropolis airport which can serve 62 million passengers per year. This is predicted to be completed at the end of 2014.[8] A third runway 3660m x 60m is planned in 2015, costing 4 trillion rupiah.[9]
Contents
History
Used between 1928 and 1985, Kemayoran Airfield was considered unsatisfactory because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma Indonesian military airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns.[citation needed]
Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consultant/consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974 with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$ 465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 at a cost of US$ 126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng (code: JIA-C), began.[10]
Design
The airport concept is described as "garden within the airport" or "airport in the garden" as tropical decorative and flower plants filled spaces between corridors, waiting and boarding pavilions. The boarding pavilions demonstrate local Indonesian vernacular architecture, particularly the roof took Javanese stepped-roof pendopo/joglo style pavilion. The interior design displaying theme on diversity of Indonesian art and culture, as ethnic decorative elements taken from wooden carvings of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Dayak, Toraja to Papua. Another example is the railings of stairs, doors and gates took kala-makara (giant head and mythical fish-elephant creature) theme typical in ancient Indonesian temples such as found in Borobudur. The terminal 3 however took different architectural style, unlike ethnic-inspired Indonesian vernacular architecture style of terminal 1 and 2, terminal 3 took contemporary modern style of large glass windows with metal frames and columns.
Project phases
- 1975–1977
- To allocate the land and also determine the provincial border, time was needed. Authorities at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam were asked for their opinion about the airport plans, and concluded that the proposal was rather expensive and over-designed. The cost rose because of using a decentralized system. The centralization system was seen as a more suitable option.
- The Team decided on a decentralized system like the ones used at Orly West Airfield, Lyon Satolas, Langen-Hagen-Hanover and Kansas City Airport due to its simplicity and effectiveness.
- 12 November 1976
- The building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.
- 18 May 1977
- The final contract design was agreed on by the Indonesian government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner.
- The result was:
- 2 inline runways including taxiways
- Roads: 1 in the east, another in the west for airport services. The west was closed to public use.
- 3 terminals capable of accommodating 3 million passengers per year.
- 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic.
- An airport inside a garden was selected as the image.
- 20 May 1980
- A four year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya as the developer. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the JIA-C Project Director, responsible for the airport's construction.[12]
- 1 December 1980
- The Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384,8 billion with developers. The cost structure was: Rp. 140,450,513,000 from the state budget, 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$ 15,898,251 from the USA.
- 1 December 1984
- The airport structure was complete.
- 1 May 1985
- The new airport was launched on 1 May 1985 with operations form the domestic airport.
- 1 May 1991
- The second circular terminal was opened on 1 May 1991 with international operations began.
| Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | Year | Description | Status | |
| Phase 1 | 1985 | Building of Terminal 1 with a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Phase 2 | 1991 | Building of Terminal 2 with a capacity of 18 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Phase 3 | 2008 | Building of Terminal 3 phase 1 with a capacity of 22 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| 2013 | Completion of Terminal 3 with a capacity of 43 million passengers per annum | In progress | ||
| Refurbishing of Terminal 2 to increase capacity to 53 million passengers per annum, | In progress | |||
| Fully built integrated building | In Progress | |||
| Construction of Terminal 4 | Pending | |||
| 2014 | Refurbishment of Terminal 1 to increase capacity to 62 million passengers per annum | Pending | ||
Plans
In the newest masterplan Soerkarno-Hatta International Airport will increase the capacity from current capacity of 22 million passengers per annum to 62 million per annum in 2014. The airport will use new theme "Modern Airport With Traditional Sense" for the project. Angkasa Pura II as the operator designed Soekarno-Hatta Airport will have 3 passengers terminal, 1 new freight terminal (cargo village) and an integrated building in 2014. Also there will be an increase in apron capacity from the current 125 airplanes to 174 airplanes. By 2015, additional upgrades are expected to increase the airport's capacity to 75 million passengers.[13] An airport train from Manggarai Station and People Mover System designed for ground transportation from/to and inside the airport are also in planning.Angkasa Pura II will spend Rp.11.7 trillion ($1.36 billion) to change the airport into a 'world class' airport which will be called 'aerotropolis' by 2014. In the first stage Terminal 3 will be expanded and thereafter Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will be integrated with green walls and the airport will have a convention hall, shopping center, hotel, playground, recreational facilities and parking area for 20,000 vehicles.[14]
To anticipate a surge of passenger numbers, at least a ten percent increase each year, the government is preparing to lay down runway number 3. This was targeted to be completed in 2017. If the airport has 3 runways, the service capacity will rise to 623,420 movements per year and it will be able to anticipate growth at least until 2030. The expansion will use about 1,000 hectares from 10 villages in the Teluk Naga and Kosambi subdistricts.[15][16] The expansion plan has been rejected by Tangerang Municipal Government because the residents living around the airport wouldn't be able to earn income for their family. The local government offered another location such as in Balaraja, but Angkasa Pura II corporate secretary said that building a new airport would not be an easy task, as it requires a thorough study.[17]
Due to lack of space to make the third runway at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, the government plans to build a new airport around Cikarang and Karawang. The airport would be integrated with the planned Cilamaya International Seaport in Karawang.[18]
Terminals
The land area of the airport is 18 km². It has two independent parallel 3,600-meter runways connected by two cross taxiways. There are three main terminal buildings; Terminal 1 (domestic flights only), Terminal 2 (international flights and Garuda Airlines domestic flights) and Terminal 3, Pier 1 (Air Asia international and domestic flights). There is also a freight terminal for domestic and international cargo.Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has 180 check-in counters, 36 baggage carousels and 45 gates. Sub-terminals 1A-1B-1C-2D-2E-2F have 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates every sub-terminals. Terminal 3 has 30 check-in counters, 6 baggage carousels and 3 gates.
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 is the first terminal of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, finished in 1985. It is located on the south side of the airport, opposite Terminal 2. Terminal 1 has 3 sub-terminals, each equipped with 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity to handle 9 million passengers per annum. The gates in Terminal 1 have an alphabet prefix of A, B and C. The gates are A1-A7, B1-B7 and C1-C7. In the newest masterplan, Terminal 1 will increased its capacity to 18 million passengers per annum. Terminal 1 is used for domestic flight except Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines.Terminal 2
On November 28, 2011 Garuda Indonesia and Angkasa Pura II made a memorandum of understanding regarding the management of Terminals 2E and 2F, which will be used solely by Garuda Indonesia to anticipate ASEAN Open Sky Policy in 2015.[19] Terminal 2E will be used for international travel and Terminal 2F for domestic flights. Garuda Indonesia said that it will share the using of its International Terminal with other Sky Team members when Garuda Indonesia effectively joins in early 2013. Predicted domestic transfer times are 30 minutes for domestic and no more than 45 minutes for international passengers. Currently Sky Team has 20 members, but not all of them have flown to Indonesia.[20]
This Terminal is used for International airlines Such as Air China, All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Cebu Pacific. China Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Emirates, Etihad, Eva Air, Japan Airlines, Jetstar Airways, KLM, Korean Air, Kuwait Airways, Lufthansa, Malaysia Airlines, Malindo Air, Mihin Lanka, Philippine Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Saudia, Sichuan Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways International, Thai Lion Air, Turkish Airlines, Valuair, Vietnam Airlines, Xiamen Airlines and Yemenia
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 has officially opened for its international flights on November 15, 2011 when Indonesia AirAsia started using Terminal 3 as its new base for international flights together with its domestic flights.[23]
Freight Terminal
The freight terminal is located in the east-side of terminal 1. This terminal was used to handle cargo at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, both domestic and international cargo. In the newest masterplan, the freight terminal will move to the west-side of terminal 2 with larger capacity than the current terminal.Airlines and destinations
Passenger terminals
- Notes
- ^1 : Lufthansa flies via Kuala Lumpur. However, Lufthansa doesn't have rights to transport passengers solely between Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur.
- ^2 : Turkish Airlines flies via Singapore. However, Turkish Airlines doesn't have rights to transport passengers solely between Jakarta and Singapore.
- ^3 : Yemenia flies via Kuala Lumpur and Dubai. However, Yemenia doesn't have rights to transport passengers solely between Jakarta,Kuala Lumpur,and Dubai.
Cargo
Traffic and Statistics
New traffic procedure
To ease congestion, the authority made a new traffic procedure the 72 Improved Runway Capacity (IRC 72) to handle 72 planes per hour which limited a plane from arrival and unloading of passengers to 30–45 minutes only, to enable more parking space which can be utilized by other planes. Gradually it has been implemented and by June 2014 will be fully implemented. By 2015, IRC 72 will become IRC 86 in line with additional new terminal.[33] As comparison London Heathrow Airport which has 2 runways as SHIA can handle 100 flights per hour, so the target for SHIA is corrected to 92 flights per hour in 2015.[34]Busiest international routes
| Rank | Airport | Passengers handled | Airlines |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  SingaporeSingapore-Changi |
3,410,676 | Air France, Garuda Indonesia, Indonesia AirAsia, Lion Air, Singapore Airlines, Sriwijaya Air, Tigerair, Tigerair Mandala, Turkish Airlines, Valuair |
| 2 |  MalaysiaKuala Lumpur |
1,843,397 | AirAsia, Garuda Indonesia, Indonesia AirAsia, KLM, Kuwait Airways, Lion Air, Malaysia Airlines, Tigerair Mandala, Yemenia |
| 3 |  ThailandBangkok-Suvarnabhumi |
897,302 | Garuda Indonesia, Thai Airways International, Tigerair Mandala |
| 4 |  Hong KongHong Kong |
850,500 | Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, Tigerair Mandala |
| 5 |  South KoreaSeoul-Incheon |
788,099 | Garuda Indonesia, Korean Air, Asiana Airlines |
| 6 |  JapanTokyo-Narita |
760,722 | All Nippon Airways, Garuda Indonesia, Japan Airlines |
| 7 |  ChinaBeijing-Capital |
611,653 | Air China, Garuda Indonesia |
| 8 |  NetherlandsAmsterdam |
609,202 | Garuda Indonesia, KLM |
| 9 |  United Arab EmiratesAbu Dhabi |
577,314 | Etihad Airways, Garuda Indonesia |
| 10 |  TaiwanTaipei-Taoyuan |
557,778 | China Airlines, EVA Air, Garuda Indonesia |
| 11 | United Arab Emirates Dubai |
577,761 | Emirates, Yemenia |
| 12 |  PhilippinesManila |
509,514 | Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines |
| 13 |  AustraliaSydney |
500,149 | Garuda Indonesia, Qantas, Jetstar |
| 14 | Australia Perth |
508,653 | Garuda Indonesia, Jetstar |
| 15 |  Sri LankaColombo |
489,302 | Mihin Lanka |
| 16 |  VietnamHo Chi Minh City |
487,500 | Lion Air, Vietnam Airlines |
| 17 | China Shanghai-Pudong |
388,834 | Garuda Indonesia |
| 18 | Australia Melbourne |
255,202 | Garuda Indonesia, Jetstar |
| 19 | China Guangzhou |
387,653 | China Southern Airlines, Garuda Indonesia |
| 20 |  Saudi ArabiaJeddah |
286,202 | Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Saudia |
| 21 |  QatarDoha |
386,202 | Qatar Airways |
| 22 |  TurkeyIstanbul |
386,200 | Turkish Airlines |
| 23 |  KuwaitKuwait City |
299,990 | Kuwait Airways |
Airport facilities
Terminal 1 and 2 was designed to resemble a traditional Rumah Joglo Javanese house.[37] The approach has been emphasized by the inclusion of well-maintained gardens located near all boarding areas. Terminal 3 and another new airport building designed use eco-friendly and modern design.Aircraft maintenance
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (June 2013) |
Hangar 1 was built in 1991 designed for Boeing 747s, has two full docks and is 22,000 m2. Hangar 2 is 23,000 m2 and has 3 aircraft bays. It can perform minor A and B checks. It can hold up to one narrow body and one wide body jet. Hangar 3 is 23,000 m2. It normally holds up to 3 Narrow-body aircraft, but can be reconfigured to hold up to one wide body and one narrow body. It has 7 bays with 4 full docks. It has 6 roof-mounted cranes and has one bay designed for MD11's, DC10's, and wide Airbus aircraft.
Golf area
Golf area in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by "Cengkareng Golf Club". Golf area has been open since 1999. Located on the left side airport main gate after Sheraton Bandara Hotel. Cengkareng Golf Club is set within the 102 hectares area of Soewarna Business Park at Soekarno Hatta International Airport. In 2005 and 2008 this golf area was used for Indonesia Open, which was a part of the PGA European Tour. There are 18 holes in this golf area.Airport hotel
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has two hotels managed by the Sheraton Airport Hotel and the Jakarta Airport Hotel. The Sheraton Airport Hotel, which is located on the left side of the main exit road from the airport, has 4 floors with 220 guest rooms. The Jakarta Airport Hotel [NOTE : As of December 2013 the Jakarta Airport Hotel is closed with no date for reopening] is located on the upper floor of Terminal 2 and provides useful standard accommodation for airport transit accommodation. The hotel entrance is located at the meeting point (midpoint) of terminal 2E. This hotel has 82 guest rooms.
Lounges
There are four first and business Lounges at the Transit Lounge in the departure area. Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, EVA Air, Saudia, and Singapore Airlines. Pura Indah Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Emirates Airline, Cathay Pacific, and China Airlines.The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for GA's business class passengers only, as well as GECC cardholders.
Other lounges are available and are supported by companies such as: Indosat, PT Mandara Jasindo Sena, Telkomsel, and XL Axiata.
Shopping area
There are shopping areas available in all terminals at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. Duty-free shops, souvenir shops, restaurants and a cafeteria can be found there. There is a new "Shopping Arcade" located in terminal 1C. There are no shops in the arrival parts of the terminals.There was a great deal of controversy surrounding certain shops (such as Crown Toko Hasil Laut Marine Products Shop) which sell sharks fins and other unethically sourced marine products.[38][39] In response, PT Angkasa Pura II banned the sale of sharkfin from the airport.[40][41]
Reading corners
21 reading corners spread in the waiting rooms of Terminal 2D, 2E and 2F.[42]Free WiFi
Since November 2013, Terminal 2 have new free WiFi which cover all spot in the terminal such as Front Terrace Arrival/ Departure area, Public Hall Arrival/ Departure area, Check-In Area, Baggage Claim Area, Bus Shelter, Shopping Area, Central Corridor and Boarding Lounge. The SSID of free WiFi is SSID SHIA.Free WiFi for Terminal 1 Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is ongoing for deployment and its expected to be ready to service on Q2 2014. It will cover Public Area (Arrival/ Departure), Check-In Area, Baggage Claim, Bus Shelter, Central Corridor and Boarding Lounge. And it also VIP terminal and the food court "Foodcetera" on between Terminal 1B - 1C.
Other facilities
The airport contains the head office of Garuda Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center.[43] Angkasa Pura II's head office is on the airport property.[44]Ground transportation
There is a range of transport options available for access to the airport: local airport terminal shuttles, buses, taxi services of various kinds, cars, and (potentially) a rail link. It is agreed amongst Indonesian authorities that services are sometimes unsatisfactory.[45] Efforts to improve services have led to a noticeable lift in standards in recent years.[46]Inter-terminal shuttle transportation
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport provides a free shuttle bus which connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3.Inter-terminal rail transportation
At 2013, the Indonesian government announced that it will build the people mover system / PMS (similar to monorail system) to connects Terminals 1, 2, and 3. PMS will start construction in 2013 and will be open to public in 2015.[citation needed]Buses
Several bus companies provide useful services to various destination from CGK. Currently the airport is served by 4 bus operators, Damri, Primajasa, Cipaganti and "X-Trans Shuttle". Information about buses and other transport is available at various points throughout arrival terminals. Travel time to and from the centre of Jakarta to the Gambir railway station takes around 70 minutes (sometimes longer), depending on traffic. Buses to the airport leave from the various terminals in central Jakarta (Gambir) and surrounding areas (It may vary depend on traffic).Taxis and other services
Various taxi and shuttle services are provided by numerous service providers.Cars
Soekarno–Hatta is connected to Jakarta's city center via the Prof. Dr. Sedyatmo Toll Road. There is extensive car parking, including long-stay facilities, at the airport.Rail
In July 2011, the government has assigned PT Kereta Api to establish a railway that connect Manggarai station to the Airport via Tangerang with cost Rp.2.25 trillion ($250 million). 7-kilometer section of track will construct to connect the commuter line station in Tangerang and the airport besides to use siding system which the track section connected to a main line that allows for faster trains to overtakes slower services (likes passing lane of road). The existing single-track commuter line between Manggarai and Tanah Tinggi will be expanded to double-track line. The track as commuter line will connect Manggarai station, Sudirman, Tanah Abang, Duri, Grogol, Bojong Indah, Kalideres, Tanah Tinggi and Soekarno Hatta International Airport. It is expected to operate in early 2014.[47] In March 2012, government decided to speed up the construction of a double track commuter railway which predicted would commence operations in the middle of 2013. Now PT KAI was studying the entry point at the airport, whether the train enters behind the airport through its M1 gate or run side by side with the Jakarta Outer Ring Road corridor before entering the airport.[48]The government also offer a 33-kilometer express line between Manggarai station and the airport via Angke and Pluit to investor as Public Private Partnership (PPP).[49][50] To realize demand from Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, the route has been extent from Manggarai to Halim and the new route has been agreed by Transportation Ministry Regulation. The Express Train will take 30 minutes only to connect both airports.[51]
Picture gallery
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Main entrance
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Soekarno–Hatta statue at entrance
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Terminal 2
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Tower
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Terminal building with gardens
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Check in desks in terminal 2
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Baggage claim at terminal 2
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Arrival Hall terminal 2F
Accidents & Incidents
- On October 28, 1997, A Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000 passenger plane of Trigana Air Service returned to land at Jakarta-Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (CGK), Indonesia when the aircraft experienced technical problems two minutes after takeoff. Smoke and severe heat had entered cockpit and the passenger cabin. The airplane sustained damage due to the heat.[52]
- On 19 December 1997, SilkAir Flight 185, operated by a Boeing 737-300 and piloted by Captain Tsu Way Ming, plunged into the Musi River in Sumatra during a routine flight from Jakarta to Singapore, killing all 104 people on board. The crash was investigated by various groups, with different results. The Indonesian NTSC, who were lead investigators, stated that they were unable to determine the cause, while the U.S. NTSB concluded that the crash resulted from an intentional act by a pilot, most likely the captain.[53][54]
- On January 23, 2003, A Star Air Boeing 737 touched down 500m past the airport's 25L runway threshold, a little left of the centreline, in an area of heavy rainfall with associated heavy winds. It went off the side of the runway, causing substantial damage to the undercarriage and belly.[55]
- On August 11, 2003, A Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000R of Garuda Indonesia suffered a left main gear collapse after a flight from Surabaya (SUB).[56]
- On March 9, 2009, A MD-90 aircraft of Lion Air overran the airport's runway 25L, due to unstable approach 100m before the runway in rainfall and strong winds, in which the aircraft touched down to the left of the centerline. Although its thrust reversers were functioning, it veered to the right, resulting in the aircraft resting 90 degrees off the runway track. No fatalities were recorded.[57]
Award
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport got rank 4 of The World's Most Improved Airport 2014 based on 12.85 million passengers from 110 countries survey by Skytrax. There are 39 service items in survey such as taxi availability with reasonable cost, terminal conviniency, terminal environment, terminal design, terminal cleanliness, floor cleanliness, chairs cleanliness, and public area cleanliness.[58]References
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- http://jakartabytrain.com/early-2014-commuter-train-to-shia-expected-to-operate
- "Commuter line airport train to operate in 2013". March 29, 2012.
- http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/16/government-pegs-pt-kai-airport-railway-development.html
- "KAI: Airport train ready in 2013". December 9, 2011.
- "Ada Kereta Ekspress, Dari Bandara Halim ke Soetta Hanya 30 Menit". January 13, 2014.
- http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19971028-1
- Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
- "Final flight: SilkAir". Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA).
- http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20030123-0
- http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20030811-0
- http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090309-1
- Sakina Rakhma Diah Setiawan (April 1, 2014). "Soekarno-Hatta Peringkat Empat The World's Most Improved Airport".
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. |
- PT. Angkasa Pura II: Jakarta International Soekarno–Hatta Airport (English)
- www.jakartaairportonline.com
- Airport information for WIII at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.
- Airport information for CGK at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective Oct. 2006).
- Current weather for WIII at NOAA/NWS
- Accident history for CGK at Aviation Safety Network
- Sound recording from inside Soekarno Hatta airport
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